• Government Policy Or Household Choice: What Drives Housing Outcomes In The Gambia. (1995 dissertation)
• Projectizing the Governance Approach to Civil Service Reform An Environmental Assessment for Preparing a Sectoral Adjustment Loan in the Gambia (1994 book)
• Militarization Among The Ex-British Colonies Of West Africa (Gambia, Ghana, Nigeria, Sierra Leone). (1993 dissertation)
• Profile on The Gambia : Shining Light in African Social Security. (1992 journal article)
• The invisible opposition. (opposition parties in Gambia) (1991 journal article)
• Democracy in Black Africa: Survival and Revival (1990 book)
• Gambia Weathers Senegal Split (1990 journal article)
• Seven-year itch. (Senegambia) (International) (1989 journal article)
• Senegambia: The Limits of Pan-Africanism (1988 journal article)
• The Gambia: It Exists in Shadow of Senegal (1988 newspaper article)
• Senegambia: A Now and Future Nation (1985 journal article)
• Peasant Autonomy And Irrigation: Innovation In The Senegal River Basin. (1984 dissertation)
• The Interaction Of Western And African Traditional Systems Of Justice: The Problem Of Integration. (A Case Study Of The Gambia). (1982 dissertation)
• The 1996/1997 Presidential and National Assembly Elections in The Gambia (December, 1997) Electoral Studies
• The Military’s Managed Transition to “Civilian Rule” in The Gambia (Winter 1998) Journal of Political and Military Sociology
• The Soldier-Turned-Presidential Candidate (2000) Journal of Political and Military Sociology
• The Coup d’etat in The Gambia, 1994: The End of The First Republic  (1996) Armed Forces and Society
• Politics And The Functional Strategy To International Integration: Gambia In Senegambian Integration, 1958-1974. (1979 dissertation)
• Party Politics In The Gambia. (1978 dissertation)
• Mandinka Mansaya: The Role Of The Mandinka In The Political System Of The Gambia . (1968 dissertation)
• The Military and 'Democratisation' in The Gambia: 1994-2003
• Mandela's Other Children: The Diary of an African Journalist
• The Anatomy of Powercracy And Other Essays
• Angry Laughter: A biting satire on an inept African civilian government and its brutal
• A Political History of The Gambia, 1816-1994
• Coup d'etat by the Gambia National Army
• 21st Century Complete Guide to Gambia (The Gambia) - Encyclopedic Coverage
• First Person Dancing Lessons From God
• Paradox of Third-wave Democratization in Africa: The Gambia Under the Afprc-aprc Rule, 1994-2008
• The 1997 Constitution of The Republic of The Gambia
• The 1970 Constitution of The Republic of The Gambia
• Kairaba - The autobiography of Sir Dawda Kairaba Jawara

The book undertakes the much needed research into recent political developments in The Gambia, and sets this in the wider context of West African politics. It provides an in-depth study of events in The Gambia prior to and post 1994 and examines The Gambian case in a theoretical context pertaining to Africa in general, and the West African sub-region in particular.

The fundamental concern of this book is to determine whether it is possible for a nation to democratise under 'military' rule. Following the 1994 coup d'etat, The Gambia had military rule until 1997. After two Presidential elections, it remained under 'quasi-military' rule, the military having merely been thinly disguised in civilian clothes. The central argument of this book is that in the case of The Gambia, it has not been possible to democratise under either 'military' or 'quasi-military' rule. The country is far from being democratic and the democratisation process has barely begun. The Gambia operates under an authoritarian regime with strong military overtones.

The 1994 coup d'etat in The Gambia took place at a time when most of Africa was moving towards democratisation. At the same time, The Gambia moved away from democratisation and into military dictatorship. This Gambian 'exceptionalism' in recent regional, continental and global political development is explained and analysed in the book. The study presents a conceptual and empirical analysis of the recent 'democratisation' processes under the military and military-turned civilian regimes in The Gambia. It uses conceptual or analytical insights, drawn from the general literature on military regimes in Africa, to inform understanding of the case study.

The book raises a number of very pertinent questions concerning the place of the military in a modern African polity, and the varied contexts and contested nature of this role. The book sets out to assess the military regime that seized power in The Gambia in July 1994, and which remains in power to the present day - having formally converted itself into an "elected" civilian regime through managed elections from which the military leader emerged victorious. It is broadly concerned with four themes: a) pre-independent politics in The Gambia, the Jawara years and the causes of his overthrow; b) the coup d'etat that brought the military regime to power on 22 July 1994; c) the subsequent conduct of the military regime, with particular concern for its attempt to legitimise itself through elections; and d) the question of whether The Gambia can be regarded as a democracy, to which the author has returned a decided negative.

Four main questions are posed. What were the causes of the military coup in The Gambia? What were the various phases of military rule? How has the military performed in office? Has The Gambia returned to a functioning democratic state following the 1996 and 2001 elections? The findings indicate that the military intervention was prompted by a combination of political, economic and social problems in the country. The 1994 coup d'etat in The Gambia is best seen as the outcome of two main variables: the societal/economic/political factors which made military intervention a possibility, set against the motivations of junior officers of the Gambia National Army to intervene in the government of The Gambia because of their own dissatisfactions and possible personal aspirations. Direct military rule was in two phases and the military's leadership performance was poor in respect of human and civil rights in both phases, although there were some modest gains in socio-economic terms. Despite the holding of elections, The Gambia remains undemocratic.

The study is based on newspaper reports, interviews and the author's own experiences as a journalist in The Gambia until his departure from the country in 1996, together with published sources. The empirical element in the book is accompanied by a survey of literature in the field, notably relating to military regimes in general, and especially in Africa. The treatment of empirical developments and academic sources in the book is both descriptive and conceptual.

The ten chapters (including a general conclusion) which make up the book are logically structured; general aims and objectives, which are clearly identified in the introductory chapter, are pursued in a sustained way in the subsequent discussion. Early presentations of approach, objectives and strategy combine with overviews of pre-1994 politics and economics in the opening two chapters. Along with the summary of the circumstances surrounding the military's intervention in politics in 1994 (Chapter 3), these serve as a prelude to the detailed evaluation of the military's performance in government; and the circumstances, processes and consequences of the army's transformation into a "democratic" civilian (in reality a "quasi-military") regime, which constitutes the middle third, and core, of the book.

The final third of the book focuses on the fortunes of both democracy and politics under a quasi-military regime, and tries to draw lessons from this experience for a serious consideration of the role of the military in democratic politics. The penultimate chapter offers recommendations for deterring future coups in The Gambia and elsewhere in Africa, while a general conclusion present a cogent summary of the principal findings and conclusions.

Title: Coup d'etat by the Gambia National Army
Date: Jun 15, 2007
Source: 292 pages; ISBN13: 978-1-4257-6111-0 (Trade Paperback), ISBN: 1-4257-6111-9 (Trade Paperback), ISBN13: 978-1-4257-6113-4 (Hardback), ISBN: 1-4257-6113-5 (Hardback)
Author(s): Lt. Col. Samsudeen Sarr
Abstract: A compelling story filled with lessons about Gambian history with special focus on the genesis of the Gambian Military
Coup de tat by the Gambia National Army, July 22nd 1994 is the author’s autobiography chronicling the events of the title and its impact in his life. For complexity, Lt. Col. Sarr alternates his story in the early chapters between scenes in the Gambia and his struggles to obtain political asylum in the United States of America. He also shares recollections from his childhood to educate his readers about certain social and spiritual beliefs and traditions in the Gambia. After the first few chapters, which set up the coup and established his thoughts about it, he further provides a detailed history of his personal life up to the time of his enlistment in the Gambia National Army. There he discusses his first days in the USA in the early 80’s sequentially focusing on life in the Gambia before, during and after the coup. This dramatic and compelling narrative sheds light on African politics and history, highlighting the failure of democracy in Africa due to abusive, limitless powers of political leaders. Its vivid historical details easily bring to life the culture and norms of Gambia.

Title: 21st Century Complete Guide to Gambia (The Gambia) - Encyclopedic Coverage, Country Profile, History
Date: 2007
Source: CIA Factbook (Two CD-ROM Set)
Author(s): U.S. Government
Abstract: Completely updated and revised for this new edition, our unique electronic book on two CD-ROMs has an amazing collection of the finest federal documents and resources about Gambia, providing encyclopedic coverage of all aspects of the country. This disc set provides a truly fantastic reference source, with over one hundred thousand pages reproduced in Adobe Acrobat format! There is complete coverage of newsworthy material about Gambia, including doing business, agriculture, USAID (thousands of pages of reports), pneumococcal vaccine trial, Peace Corps, energy in Africa, ECOWAS (Economic Community of West African States), and more. This incredible and comprehensive series on the countries of the world contains material from the State Department, Department of Defense, White House, and cabinet agencies including Agriculture, Energy, and the U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services. There is complete information about geography, people, government, the economy, communications, transportation, military, and transnational issues. In addition to the nation-specific material, as a bonus we have included reports about every country on the globe, with 271 nations, dependent areas, and other entities identified by the Central Intelligence Agency. The CIA World Factbook is considered an invaluable "world encyclopedia" reference book. This incredible two CD-ROM set is packed with over 100,000 pages reproduced using Adobe Acrobat PDF software - allowing direct viewing on Windows and Macintosh systems. The Acrobat cataloging technology adds enormous value and uncommon functionality to this impressive collection of government documents and material. Our news and educational discs are privately compiled collections of official public domain U.S. government files and documents - they are not produced by the federal government. They are designed to provide a convenient user-friendly reference work, utilizing the benefits of the Adobe Acrobat format to uniformly present thousand.

Title: First Person Dancing Lessons From God
Date: August 2007
Source: Index on Censorship, vol 36, No. 3, 207-214, 2007
Author(s): Dawn Starin
Abstract: This is an essay recounting the lack of press freedom, the murder and disappearances of various media people and the use of language in The Gambia

Title: Paradox of Third-wave Democratization in Africa: The Gambia Under the Afprc-aprc Rule, 1994-2008 (Hardcover)
Date: January 2009
Author(s): Dr. Abdoulaye Saine - Abdoulaye Saine is associate professor of political science at Miami University of Ohio and co-author of Not Yet Democracy: West Africa's Slow Farewell to Authoritarianism.
Abstract: In this book, Abdoulaye Saine provides a superb account of the domestic political conditions that explain the persistence of poverty and economic crisis in Africa. With a focus on The Gambia under Yahya Jammeh (1994-2008), and drawing from other African cases in a comparative perspective, the author skillfully traces the causes of development crisis in The Gambia to poor governance, authoritarianism, and human rights violations. Although the analysis is focused on The Gambia, the findings reflect the African situation by drawing on relevant examples from other states. This is a must-read book for scholars, activists, and policy makers interested in the comparative political economy of development - Sakah Saidu Mahmud, Transylvania University

This book is about the dilemma(s) of "third-wave" "democratization" in Africa. It teases out the general proposition that while the market is a necessary ingredient for development, it is not by itself a sufficient condition for prosperity - the state's role, policy framework, and leadership also matter. Using a counter-example, the book contends that in a poor governance environment, gross human rights violations result in poor economic performance and failure by repressive governments to provide basic needs for the poor in society. While this study is concerned primarily with The Gambia, it nonetheless has a lot to say about Zimbabwe, Zambia, Kenya, Nigeria, Ghana, Senegal, and other countries in the continent caught in the paralysis of externally driven political and economic transitions and globalization. Locating countries undergoing liberalization and democratization within the global economy - as well as their peripheral status within it - is important, as! patterns of contemporary globalization are highly asymmetrical and often associated with a democratic deficit. Consequently, some groups, classes, and states enjoy numerous political and economic freedoms foreign to the vast majority of humanity, which lives in oppressive living conditions. The Paradox of Third-Wave Democratization in Africa is also a comprehensive account of the historical, political, and economic events since the onset of military and quasi-military rule in this West African mini-state of 1.5 million, once the longest surviving functioning democracy in Africa. Predictably, the book is about former President Dawda Jawara as much as it is about soldier-turned-president Yahya Jammeh, who in the last fourteen years has dominated the country's political and economic landscape. In the end, the book posits that various attempts to improve living standards of ordinary Gambians and Africans by client regimes using foisted conventional market-drive! n economic models alone are not likely to succeed until they are predi cated on a basic-needs economic strategy and organically spawned political structures. Finally, the book highlights transnational political and economic ties Diaspora Gambians have established with The Gambia and their attempts to both shape and nudge politics in the second republic in a more democratic direction.

Title: Kairaba
Date: 2009
Source: The autobiography of Sir Dawda Kairaba Jawara. 548 p., ISBN-10: 095639681X, ISBN-13: 978-0956396815
Author(s): DAlhaji Sir Dawda Kairaba Jawara (December 31, 2009)
Abstract: The book entitled ‘Kairaba’ celebrates the life and times of the President of the first Republic. The book contains 33 chapters, in a sequential order, Sir Dawda narrates his story, from birth in 1924 in Barajally Village, his move to the city to acquire formal education, in Ghana where he studied veterinary science, and to Edinburgh, Scotland where he bagged a "Doctorate" in Veterinary science. Upon his return he served as a veterinary doctor under the colonial administration, before entering into politics. Under the banner of PPP, the party he led, he served as Education minister, Prime Minister and President in 1965, and led the country for 30 years before he was overthrown in 1994. The Book Kairaba is now available via domtom publishing's website at: http://www.domtom.co.uk/ and Timbooktoo Bookshop in Bakau.

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